徐州The yield of tomatoes per mu reached 46000 kg. How did the Dutch achieve this?

The Netherlands is a temperate and marine country with a mild and humid climate, which is not suitable for tomato cultivation. However, through the construction of intelligent greenhouse, the intelligent control of the light and greenhouse degree inside the greenhouse is realized, and the soilless cultivation method is adopted, making the tomato yield reach 70kg/㎡, which is more than 46000 kg per mu. Compared with domestic facility agriculture, what are the advantages of this smart greenhouse in the Netherlands? Compared with domestic production costs and tomato quality, what are the differences in this respect in the Netherlands?

1、 Intelligent greenhouse

Dutch facility agriculture is developed all over the world, and the high-tech intelligent greenhouse provides a good growth environment for crops. The greenhouse is made of hot-dip galvanized light steel skeleton, covered with full glass or PC board, fully taking into account the lighting of crops. If the weather is bad, you can also use the plant light supplement lamp in the greenhouse to supplement the artificial light and promote the photosynthesis of crops. The interior is equipped with environmental control equipment, such as external shading system, internal shading system, natural ventilation system, wet curtain fan cooling system, heating system, lighting system, and various matching sensors to monitor and adjust the temperature, humidity, light, CO2, etc. in the greenhouse. For example, shading, ventilation, cooling, heating, etc., all systems can realize intelligent control of mobile computer.

2、 Growth matrix

These tomatoes do not grow in soil, but in a matrix called rock wool. Rock wool is a substance with very low chemical activity, which is difficult to react with various nutrients required by plants. There are rows of planting slots, under which there are rock wool strips and upper and lower water pipes, and above which there are hanging devices that match the infinite growth type of tomatoes, providing sufficient growth space for the growth of tomatoes. After being made into strip matrix, it can also maintain a large amount of water. Growers inject nutrients and water into rock wool matrix through precise drip irrigation at fixed time and quantity, and then absorbed by tomatoes. Rock wool has good water absorption, is conducive to root growth, and can fully absorb water and fertilizer; In China, soft sawdust or peat are generally used.

3、 Irrigation and fertilization

All the nutrient water needed for tomato growth is irrigated by the water-fertilizer integrated fertilization system. The fertilizer applicator mixes the pre-prepared nutrient solution mother liquor with water to form a certain EC and pH value nutrient solution. According to the set start and stop time, the nutrient solution is supplied to each tomato by drip irrigation through pipes and arrows. The advantage of the integration of water and fertilizer is to fertilize according to the growth of crops, and give as much nutrients as needed, which will not only cause the waste of nutrient solution, but also make the crops within a normal nutrient range. Usually, the control computer of the fertilizer applicator is connected with sensors such as light and temperature.

4、 High-quality seedlings

In the Netherlands, greenhouse plants are all limitless growth tomatoes, which are easy to grow to more than 10 meters. In the Netherlands, seedlings are generally raised at the end of summer and planted once a year. In this year, the tomato plant will not be capped, and the top buds will grow without restriction, which ensures that the fruit production will be kept on file, and the fruit can be produced uninterruptedly within a year, and the total yield can be improved to a certain extent. Dutch growers will also select the excellent varieties of seed companies, and then hand them over to special seedling companies for seedling breeding and grafting, laying a solid foundation for later high yield.

5、 Planting management

Tomato has a suitable growth environment of its own, and too extreme weather environment will reduce the yield and fruit quality of tomato - for example, when the temperature is higher than 30 °, it is not conducive to the conversion of lycopene. The Dutch growers rely on their rich planting experience and various environmental control equipment provided by the huge greenhouse industry to adjust the greenhouse environment to ensure that tomatoes can achieve high yield. For example:

Open and close the skylight at the appropriate time to adjust the temperature of the greenhouse, and open the skylight in different directions to improve the efficiency of heat and moisture removal;

Use the sunshade curtain at the right time to avoid the damage of direct sunlight to plants and reduce the temperature of the greenhouse;

Reasonable use of wet curtain fans or other ventilation equipment to reduce the temperature and improve the air circulation in the greenhouse;

After calculating the cost, use water heating, fill light and other equipment to deal with the problem of low temperature and lack of light in winter;

And use special equipment to generate (or introduce) CO2 from heating boilers to directly increase tomato production.

Although there are so many complex equipment, there are not many people producing tomatoes in the greenhouse in the Netherlands. Generally, the planting area of 10000 square meters (one hectare) only needs five workers. Because the labor cost in the Netherlands is very high, we must greatly improve the labor efficiency of each worker. Relying on the excellent labor force management system, these five workers can handle tens of thousands of tomatoes every day according to their respective duties: dropping seedlings, winding heads, forking, cutting leaves and picking.

Seedling drop: The unlimited growth type tomato can grow indefinitely, but the greenhouse cannot be infinitely higher. When the plant is too high, even the picker can't work, so it is necessary to lower the tomatoes to provide growth space.

Wrapping: Wrap the top bud of tomato on the wire to ensure upward growth.

Forking: For growers, only one terminal bud of infinite growth type is needed (in rare cases, a fork can be left), and the redundant fork (axillary bud) must be removed - the fork will consume the nutrients absorbed by the root and reduce the fruit yield.

Leaf cutting: The old leaves cannot touch enough sunlight for photosynthesis because they are close to the ground. As a result, the old leaves can only consume energy unnecessarily and block the fruits that need light, so they must also be subtracted to improve the yield.

Picking: it will be picked according to the standards set by the grower or the market demand.